Tumor Microenvironment by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030357238
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

5.4.5 Breast Cancer

Until recently, breast ducts (where most breast cancers arise) were not considered to be a mucosal site. However, a recent study showed that murine mammary glands are temporal mucosal tissues that follow strong mucosal immune programs during lactation and involution [65]. Like gastric cancer, there has as yet been little direct analysis of MAIT cells in breast cancer, although Won et al. found no difference in blood MAIT cell frequencies in 13 breast cancer patients compared to healthy control subjects [59]. We recently showed that MAIT cells from healthy human breast epithelial ducts produced a Th17-skewed response to breast carcinoma cells that had been exposed to E. coli, whereas they produced both IFN-γ and IL-17A in response to mitogen activation [28]. Notably, E. coli is present at higher relative abundance in the microbiome of human breast tumors compared to healthy breast tissue [31, 32]. Moreover, E. coli induced stronger MAIT cell TCR stimulation, while S. epidermidis and B. subtilis, two species from taxa found to be in higher abundance in breast cancer compared to healthy tissue [32], produced intermediate-to-low MAIT TCR stimulation [52]. Based on these results, it is intriguing to speculate that the presence of certain types of bacteria may play a role in the Th17 bias of MAIT cells observed in many epithelial cancers .

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